Måned: desember 2022

A wind sock or wind cone is a conical textile pipe that looks like a giant sock. Wind hoses can be used as a basic guide for wind direction and speed. In most cases, the ideal place to buy a wind sock or a complete installation is an international specialist. Holland Aviation, for example, is an expert in the manufacture and international supply of windhoses and installations. In this way, you can always count on a quality product manufactured according to the general rules and regulations. Check out our selection of wind socks to find a right wind sleeve for your own needs. New wind socks are produced in accordance with ICAO guidelines. This means that all current models are calibrated to fully inflate to wind speeds of 15 knots or more. But a green wind sleeve is very useful near a nature reserve where a red/white sock is not always allowed. Near such places, a green wind sleeve is a perfect solution. ICAO standards require a cone-shaped handle stump with a length of at least 3.6 m and a diameter of 0.9 m at the large end. It must be visible and understandable from a height of 300 m and ideally monochrome.

If it is necessary to use two colors, they should ideally be orange and white, arranged in five alternating stripes, the first and last being darker. At winds of 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) or more, they must indicate the wind direction below ±5°. [4] By now, you should be a true wind sock expert! Do you have any questions? You can always contact one of our experts. Contact us and we will be happy to help you on your way! The first source of instruction is an extract from the report of the labour inspector for 1836, three years after the adoption of the old Factories Act. The second source is an 1867 report. Students can use both to assess the effectiveness of the 1833 Act. Students look at two other visual sources. It is important to evaluate them based on their data and the content they represent. The 1903 photo is interesting evidence. What does this reveal about working conditions and safety in the factory? The picture mentioned at the beginning of the lesson of an «double room» from 1851 shows only female workers.

What for? Note that doubling meant that the wire was «doubled» after spinning to increase its thickness. The drawing is an artistic representation, how realistic is the scene? Overall, students should be encouraged to reflect on the reliability of this evidence in order to assess the success of such factory legislation. What other sources could help us understand its effectiveness? Finally, talk with students about other industries associated with child labour in the Victorian era. However, not all factory owners have kept their workers in poor conditions. Robert Owen, who owned a cotton mill in Lanark, Scotland, built the village of New Lanark for his workers. Here they had access to schools, doctors and there was a home for every family who worked in its factories. People began to realize how bad these conditions were in many factories and began to push for improvements. There was a lot of resistance from factory owners who felt that it would slow down the operation of their factories and make their products more expensive. Many people also didn`t like the government interfering in their lives. For example, some parents needed their children to go to work at an early age because they needed money to feed the family.

A wind sleeve as we know it today is a conical tube made of woven textile that measures both wind direction and speed. Possible activities: Use these sources to write a campaign letter against child factory labour in 1833; Create a poster for such a campaign. Highly visible alternating bands of orange and white were first used to estimate wind speed, with each band increasing the estimated speed by 3 knots. However, some circular frame supports keep the wind sleeves open at one end, indicating a speed of 3 knots even if it is not present. A fully extended wind sleeve indicates a wind speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) or more. [2] A wind sleeve (also called a wind cone) is a conical textile tube that looks like a giant sock. It can be used as a basic indicator of wind speed and direction, or as a decoration. They are typically used in airports to show pilots the direction and strength of the wind, and in chemical plants where there is a risk of gas leakage. They are also sometimes located along highways in windy places. The stripes of a wind sleeve are not only chosen to be visible from far away. If a tape is «swollen» by the wind, you can use it to read the current wind speed.

In many airports, the wind sleeves are illuminated outside or indoors at night. [1] www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/livinglearning/19thcentury/overview/factoryact/ An overview of the 1833 Factories Act and 10 Hours of Movement In many airports, the wind sleeves are illuminated at night, either by spotlights that surround them or by a pole-mounted searchlight. They are mounted on a special installation. These usually consist of a metal mast made of aluminum or galvanized steel. The mast is placed on a metal foundation to withstand high wind speeds. On the mast there is a metal basket (or swivel frame), which can be rotated horizontally by 180 degrees. The wind sleeve is attached to it so that it can move freely depending on the origin of the wind. The red and white striped version is the most famous version you`ll often see along the road. Nevertheless, many different colors are used internationally, such as orange (striped), green, blue and completely orange. In general, the colors are chosen in such a way that the entire installation is clearly visible in relation to the background. In the maritime world, almost no blue wind sock is used. But at airports, where there`s a lot of grass around the runway, green socks are barely used.

Jammers are often used near prisons and detention centers to prevent detainees and detainees from communicating without authorization and unsupervised with the outside world. Brazil, India, New Zealand and Sweden are countries that have exempted or are considering exemptions for the use of mobile phones and Wi-Fi jammers in prisons, while this has been legal in the UK since 2012. A seller of cell phone jammers, Los Angeles-based Global Protection & Intelligence Inc., offers models ranging in price from $1,600 to $2,600. They prevent mobile phone frequencies from entering a specific area, with more expensive models blocking larger areas. The company sells a briefcase-sized device that can cover a radius of about 150 meters and a model the size of a cigar box that maintains a conference room without a signal. Radio jamming devices, more commonly known as «jammers», have been the subject of recent news. There have been many reports of frustrated citizens buying jammers to minimize the annoying cell phone chatter that has become the norm in places like movie theaters, classrooms, and public transportation. While some may praise these individuals for ingeniously solving a seemingly never-ending problem, the reality is that jammers are banned in Canada. Cell phone jammers can have a significant impact on the public`s communication rights, as well as the risk of major harm if they interfere with emergency responders` communication devices. In an emergency, the use of a cell phone jammer can delay emergency care. Many may argue that they should have the right to do whatever they want on their own property. Others may also think that the use of a cell phone jammer in public places such as a movie theater or classroom should be allowed to regulate the overuse of cell phones and the interference they can cause. Regardless of any opinion to the contrary, the fact remains that it is not only illegal to use a jammer in any way, but it is also illegal to simply possess it.

This issue is relatively under-represented in Canadian court cases, which may mean that courts can create new ways to deal with this issue if it occurs more frequently. Not so long ago, the Radiocommunication Management Committee proposed to publish a series of drafts prohibiting the unauthorized use of Canada`s cell phone jamming laws. The bill was adopted by the executive session of the provincial government and is currently under consideration by the Standing Committee of the Provincial People`s Congress. The enactment of this regulation can regulate the mobile jammer market and clear rules have been established on the opportunities and departments that mobile signal jammers can use. Clearly indicated in cell phone jammers It is prohibited to set up and use public mobile phone signal jammers without permission, such as cell phone signal jammers. The shopkeeper then gave a demonstration and saw that she had screwed the three short black rods one by one into the antenna interface, then pressed the switch, and a green light on the top came on. The shopkeeper asked the journalist to take out his mobile phone. The reporter saw that the cell phone signal had disappeared and that he could not make a call, no matter how he dialed. «It must not be too far from the machine, otherwise it is useless.» The owner recalled that the shielding range of this cell phone jammer machine and wifi Canada does not exceed 10 meters.

The principle of these large machines is the same, but the power is relatively high, and the mobile phone jammer with power can be used. Shield signals within a radius of one kilometer. The reporter noted that there is no manufacturer and no certificate of conformity on the packaging of the cell phone signal jammer. «All this is produced secretly, how can there be manufacturers?» The owner explained that her goods are imported from Guangdong and quality should not be an issue. The reporter then investigated other electronics stores such as Liaoning Road and Weihai Road and found that it is not difficult to buy mobile phone signal jammers, and the price ranges from a few hundred yuan to thousands of yuan. Elliott Hamilton, an analyst at The Strategis Group in Washington, said that in his opinion, the use of cell phone jammers is a simple problem. «A business owner should be able to do what they want to do on their premises,» Hamilton said. «I don`t see anything wrong [with jammers] as long as their signal doesn`t bleed into the public space.» Industry Canada`s Warnes said the three-month comment period will end on July 12 and the government is expected to make a decision on the legality of cell phone jammers by the end of the year. In a position paper released in November, the RABC`s Mobile Communications and Staff Committee partially stated: «Denial of service (particularly emergency service) may have legal effects on service providers, Industry Canada, the disrupted provider and the operator of public places (concert hall, etc.) if perceived damage or loss has occurred, especially in situations where lives could have been lost or were. «There are several other possible articles of the Criminal Code in which this offence can be interpreted if the circumstances of the case so permit. As a result, jammers are prohibited in Canada until contrary legislation is passed.

However, some countries have allowed or proposed to expand the use of jammers. In India, for example, there are provisions for the use of jammers in schools, mosques and theatres if it can be demonstrated that the interference does not extend beyond their walls. For a short time, jammers were also approved for use in theaters and concert halls, but this ended in 2012. The Criminal Code of Canada also prohibits the use of jammer jammers as set out in section 430 and «there is a very high interest in [cell phone jammers],» said David Warnes, senior consultant for Industry Canada. Last month, Hong Kong, a cell-mad city with about six million people and 5.2 million mobile phones, said it was considering using jammer jammers. Don`t let this stuff sell! At 1 p.m. on the 26th, the journalist went to an electronics store on Liaoning Road. When he learned that the reporter wanted to buy Cell Phone And Wifi Jammer Canada, a peddler asked vigilantly. To allay his concerns, the reporter had to falsely pretend that he had opened a gas station for fear that customers would accidentally call their cell phones while refueling, so they wanted to buy a signal jammer. After some research, the street vendor said he could take the reporter to buy, and he drove him to an electronics store. When the reporter explained his intentions, the trader looked under the counter while asking, saying that he operated several brands of signal jammers with prices ranging from 200 yuan to thousands of yuan.

«If you have a small place, you can use this one!» The shopkeeper took out a black palm-sized instrument under the counter. The journalist saw that there were three screw terminals on top of the instrument, labeled GSM, CDMA and CDMA. 3G, etc. According to the owner, the cell phone jammer has three antennas. When you use it, all you have to do is screw the antenna on it. One of the main reasons why the use of these devices is largely frowned upon by authorities in most countries is that they tend to have a greater impact than expected. Even well-intentioned uses, such as blocking mobile phone use in schools, theaters and hospitals, or banning drones from flying over private property, can cause disruption far beyond the intended limits. Aborted 911 calls, drones falling from the sky, and compromised air traffic control are some of the unintended consequences of jammers that have led countries like South Africa and Israel to make these jammers completely illegal. The wireless industry, some wireless experts and officials in the United States, where cell phone jammers are also illegal, said they are concerned that the devices will inevitably interfere with wireless devices used outside the intended range. However, tech companies claim that jammers are now advanced enough to be very accurate and can also be provided with panels to redirect jamming signals that might otherwise be buried outside the intended area.

Manufacturers say jammers can be set to only handle frequencies used by cell phones, so laptops and other wireless devices such as Blackberrys (faulty pagers) would not be affected. The use of secret locations such as certain agencies, schools, etc. must be approved by the Department of Privacy Administration and Radio Management at the provincial and municipal level and above, and must be conducted strictly in accordance with transmission frequency, shielding range, transmission power, Canadian cellular jammer laws and duration of use. etc. If he violates the regulations and does not use it in accordance with the above regulations, if he causes social harm, he will be instructed by the Radio Administration Department to correct it and cause serious consequences, and he may be investigated for his legal liability.

Another example of declining marginal yields can be found in transportation. Suppose 10 subway tracks can carry the required passengers from the exit platform to the destination platform without the need for an additional train to carry passengers on a specific day of the week. If the metro company now introduces another rail to carry passengers on the same route, it will reduce the efficiency of each train and create additional costs for the company. The extra train is therefore an example of an additional unit of the law of diminishing marginal returns. For example, in Example 1 of the subway rails above, the amount of issued capital is held constant before implying diminishing returns. The point of declining yields is when additions to inputs lead to lower production. In other words, the point of declining yields is where the change in production productivity takes place. This is where the law of diminishing marginal returns comes in. The most important finding is that diminishing marginal returns occur in the short run when you increase one production area and nothing else. You reach a point where your production decreases due to the increase in this area. Lower yields occur for a number of reasons, such as:Fixed costsLess productive Limited demandLimited demandNegative effectsShort-term effects Are inputs homogeneous or heterogeneous in the law of diminishing returns? At some point in production, firms begin to become less productive. In business, this is an important concept because efficiency begins to decline at this stage. Companies may want to stop production or reassess their pricing strategy as marginal costs rise.

Step Three: Negative Returns. If you keep pushing and increasing that factor to try to recover and get more, you`ll find even more returns down, and you`ll end up in a negative return situation. The law of diminishing marginal returns does not imply that the additional unit reduces total output, but it is usually the result. An important aspect of declining marginal yields is that production does not necessarily begin to decline. Instead, production is not increasing as much as it used to. In other words, the employment of another worker does not increase output as much as the employment of the previous worker. Thus, adding another employee makes the process less efficient. Qns 2. What phase of declining returns should companies be in? The law of diminishing marginal returns is an important topic in economics because it is related to the optimal use of a production system.

By applying this law and knowing the optimal limit for adding inputs, the production of goods can be maximized without wasting inputs. This is especially useful in production, where negative yields can mean unnecessary costs for producers. Although the law of diminishing returns comes from classical economic theory, it is one of the most widely used economic principles outside of economics education. Some of the most common examples are in agriculture, but the law applies in many other real-world situations that extend beyond production and manufacturing to areas such as marketing and customer relationship management. To remain competitive in areas ranging from campaign planning to enterprise resource planning, it`s also important for companies to define the point of profit decline – when unit returns begin to decline. First step: increase yields. At this point, changing one thing can improve your performance. Adding one person to the one-person team can be more efficient and increase the number of gears Factory X can produce. It is important to understand that size is important when it comes to economies of scale. A lot! Extractive industries such as fishing or mining also have lower yields in their production process. The more fish fishermen catch, the more complex it becomes to extract fish from the sea. For the law of diminishing marginal return to work, there are two key factors that must be respected.

These factors are important because they are related to the environment of the production system and because they significantly affect the production system. Can you find the law of diminishing returns outside of production processes? For example, the law of diminishing returns states that in a production process, the addition of additional workers can first increase production and eventually produce optimal output per worker. However, after this optimal point, the efficiency of each worker decreases because other factors – such as production technique or available resources – remain the same (this is more precisely called the law of diminishing marginal returns). This type of problem could be solved by modernizing production technology using technology. The law of diminishing marginal returns is important because it helps to understand how the increase in factors of production can do more harm than good. This information allows businesses, economists, and consumers to more closely monitor a company`s behavior. Especially for the company, it is good for them to know that the increase in production does not necessarily result from the increase in the factors of production. Diminishing marginal returns are a concept that works for a short period of time when a variable, such as capital or labor, is held constant. Neoclassical economists postulate that each «unit» of labor is exactly the same, and that diminishing returns are caused by the disruption of the entire production process, as additional units of labor are added to a certain amount of capital. This is the ultimate and unwanted stage of all production processes. Once the optimal stage of production is reached in the second stage of the theory of diminishing yield, the addition of additional inputs will not only affect the production process, but will also lead to negative production production.

Manufacturers are usually aware of optimal inputs, which helps them decide when manufacturing processes should be stopped. If all other input sets remain constant and only one input variable changes, the law of decreasing marginal utility goes through the following three steps: After this point, the marginal returns are on a decreasing function. This is explained by the law of diminishing returns. The maximum yield point indicates the maximum number of workers that should be hired to maximize both total product yield and marginal yield. This is where the law of diminishing returns comes into play. Instead of new workers bringing more production for the startup, they actually incur more costs. The law of diminishing returns states that a company experiences diminishing returns at some point. A little confused? Do not worry. This explanation will help you learn everything you need to know about the law of diminishing returns. The law of diminishing returns helps firms choose how much input they need to add to their production process.

1 FIAS. 2009. « Taxation as State Building: Reforming Tax Systems for Political Stability and Sustainable Economic Growth ». Weltbankgruppe, Washington, DC. 2 Unternehmenserhebungen der Weltbank (www.enterprisesurveys.org). 3. Djankov, Simeon, Tim Ganser, Caralee McLiesh, Rita Ramalho et Andrei Shleifer. 2010. â Die Auswirkungen von Unternehmenssteuern auf Investitionen und Unternehmertum.â American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (3): 31â64.

4 Romer, Christina, und David Romer. 2010. « The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks. » American Economic Review 100: 763-801. 5 Huizinga, Harry et Luc Laeven. 2008. « International Profit Shifting within Multinationals: A Multi-Country Perspective. » Journal of Public Economics 92: 1164-82. 6 Nicodème, Gaëntan. 2008. « Körperschaftsteuer und wirtschaftliche Verzerrungen.â CESifo Working Paper 2477, CESifo Gruppe, München. 7 Hibbs, Douglas A.

et Violeta Piculescu. 2010. « Tax Tolerance and Tax Compliance: How the Government Influences the Profunity of Corporations to Enter the Unofficial Economy. » American Journal of Political Science 54(1): 18-33. 8 Dialogue fiscal international. 2007. « Taxation of small and medium-sized enterprises. » Document d’information pour la Conférence internationale sur le dialogue fiscal, Buenos Aires, octobre. 9 Fajnzylber, Pablo, William F. Maloney et Gabriel V. Montes-Rojas. 2011. âLa formalité améliore-t-elle la performance des micro-entreprises ? Evidence from the Brazilian SIMPLES programme.â Journal of Development Economics94 (2): 262-76.

10 Vogel, Richard. 2010. « Smart Tax Administration ». Economic premise (Banque mondiale) 36: 1â5. 11 Djankov, Simeon, Tim Ganser, Caralee McLiesh, Rita Ramalho et Andrei Shleifer. 2010. « L’impact des impôts sur les sociétés sur l’investissement et l’entrepreneuriat. » American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (3): 31-64.

12 Pontus Braunerhjelm et Johan E. Eklund. 2014. âTaxes, tax administrative burdens and start-ups.â KYKLOS 67 (February): 1â11. 13 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2017. Comparative Information on the OECD and Other Developed and Emerging Economies. Paris, France: OECD.

14 IFC (International Finance Corporation). 2018. «Improved tax administration can increase private investment and boost economic development in Tajikistan.» International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC. 15 Symons, Susan, Neville Howlett and Katia Ramirez Alcantara. 2010. The impact of VAT compliance on businesses. London: PwC. 16 OECD (2014), Consumption Tax Trends 2014: VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues, OECD Publishing, Paris. 17 Graham Harrison and Russell Krelove 2005, VAT Refunds: A Review of Country Experienceâ IMF Working Paper WB/05/218, Washington D.C. 18 Keen M., Smith S., 2007, «VAT Fraud and Evasion: What Do We Know, and What Can Be Done?». Document de travail du FMI WP/07/31. 19 Es ist erwähnenswert, dass 28 Volkswirtschaften, die in Doing Business analysiert wurden, keine Mehrwertsteuer erheben.

20 OCDE (2006), Tax Administration in OECD and Selected Non-OECD Countries: Comparative Information Series (2006), Éditions OCDE, Paris. 21 Gupta, M., und V. Nagadevara. 2007. « Audit Selection Strategy for Improving Tax Compliance: Application of Data Mining Techniques. » Dans Foundations of E-Government, Hrsg. A. Agarwal und V. Ramana. Actes de la onzième Conférence internationale sur la gouvernance électronique, Hyderabad, Inde, 28-30 décembre.

22 Alm J. et McKee M., 2006, « Tax compliance as a coordination game », Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 54 (2004) 297â312 23 Khwaja, M. S., R. Awasthi, J. Loeprick, 2011, « Risk-Based Tax Audits Approaches and Country Experiences », Banque mondiale, Washington, DC. As trade barriers are removed and capital becomes more mobile, the formulation of sound fiscal policies poses significant challenges for developing countries. The need to replace trade taxes with internal taxes is accompanied by growing concerns about the diversion of profits by foreign investors, which are currently not deterred by weak tax abuse provisions in tax legislation and inadequate technical training for tax auditors in many developing countries. A concerted effort to address these shortcomings is therefore of the utmost urgency. People tend to leave high-tax jurisdictions and move to areas with lower taxes 23-26. In response to an increase in California border tax rates, for example, 0.8% of residents who found themselves in the upper class left California in 2013.27 In 2016, 24 of the 25 states with the highest taxes had net emigration and 17 of the states with the lowest taxes had net immigration of 28.

Some also tax income or payroll, such as New York City, which taxes an income of up to 3.876 percent, the highest in the country, MacDonald says. Local taxes typically pay for services people use on a daily basis, such as K-12 public schools, transportation, police and fire departments, and garbage collection. Refund processes can be a major weakness of VAT systems. This view is corroborated by a study of VAT administration refund mechanisms in 36 economies around the world.17 Even in economies where refund procedures exist, businesses often find the process complex. The study examined the treatment of excess VAT credits by tax authorities, the volume of refund claims, the procedures followed by refund claimants and the time taken by tax authorities to process refunds. The study found that legal deadlines for reimbursements are crucial, but often not enforced in practice. Education could be one of the most deserving recipients of taxpayers` money. Governments attach great importance to the development of human capital, and education is at the heart of this development. Tax money is used to fund, establish and maintain the public education system. To promote economic growth and development, Governments need sustainable sources of financing for social programmes and public investment.

Programs that provide health, education, infrastructure and other services are important to achieving the common goal of a prosperous, functional and orderly society. And they demand that governments increase their revenues. Taxation does not only pay for public goods and services; It is also an essential part of the social contract between citizens and businesses. How taxes are collected and spent can determine the legitimacy of a government. Government accountability promotes the effective management of tax revenues and, more generally, sound public financial management.1 The new changes should theoretically encourage business investment. There is some evidence to support this expectation. For example, U.S. Business investment after the TCJA rose sharply: Real non-residential investment rose 5.9% in 2018, beating the forecast of 2.7% of 57.58% in 2017. Some researchers have argued that this growth in investment is less a reaction to tax cuts than to factors such as oil prices.59 Others noted significant growth in investment in non-oil sectors, such as equipment, software and intellectual property.60 An effective tax administration can help encourage companies to register formally, thereby broadening the tax base and increasing tax revenues. An unfair and capricious tax administration risks discrediting the tax system and reducing the legitimacy of the government. In many transition economies of the 1990s, the failure to improve tax administration in introducing new tax systems led to unequal tax collection, widespread tax evasion, and lower-than-expected tax revenues.10 This letter is not intended to be an exhaustive analysis of national personal and corporate taxation. Instead, it highlights some of the trade-offs policymakers face when deciding to raise or reduce taxes, as well as details on exemptions, credits and other subsidies.

The letter accompanies SIEPR`s Fall 2022 Tax Policy Forum. All governments need revenue, but the challenge is to choose carefully not only the level of tax rates, but also the tax base. Governments must also develop a tax compliance system that does not discourage taxpayers from participating. Recent business survey data from 147 economies show that companies view tax rates as one of the top five restrictions on their operations, and tax administration as one of 11.2 Companies in economies that perform better on «doing business» tax relief indicators tend to perceive both tax rates and tax administration. as a less significant barrier for businesses (Figure 1). Second, companies were encouraged to move their headquarters overseas to avoid paying U.S. dollars.

Whumpee refers to the one who is injured. Although this term has been around since at least 1998, it has grown to the point that it is usually the term woobies when referring to the purpose of whump. A great question and a topic of much debate – one of the questions of the Whump Challenge (www.tumblr.com/search/whumpchallenge) was: «How would you explain Whump to someone who doesn`t know him?» Whump definitely looks like the usual genre/comfort of fanfiction, so similar in fact that many of us still aren`t 100% about the actual difference. It`s unclear when the first Whump blog appeared on Tumblr, but some of the first blogs surfaced in the 2010s. It is believed that the emergence of the Whump community on Tumblr was at least partly the result of the barred and bold controversies at LiveJournal in May and June 2007. This signaled a shift in LJ`s fandom to other social platforms. The term whump has become a term that encompasses wounded convenience; perhaps because of the way Tumblr`s tagging system handles slashes. While some communities and fandoms use whump as a synonym for injury/comfort, it is still recognized that whump refers to darker, more extreme scenarios. And there are still Whump Fics who have very little or no consolation at the end of the story. The term comes from fanfiction to describe stories in which characters are put in painful situations. Both mentally and physically. This can range from an occasional sickfic (a fanfic where a character is sick) to a literally tortured character. This falls into the / comfort category, but they are not exactly the same if you want to be technical.

When you look at fanfiction sites like fanfiction.net or archiveofourown.org, they have tags before their stories so readers know what they`re getting into. It`s the same idea as tumblr tags, warnings, descriptions, and often small parts of the author`s personality. Tags or description usually have [insert character name here]whump to indicate which character is whumped. The term is believed to have come from Fanfiction.net`s Stargate:SG-1 fandom, which claims to have coined the phrase «Danny Whumping». Danny Whumping was a «popular term for the practice of physically and psychologically abusing one`s favorite character in fanfiction and comforting him.» [1] Whump also moved on to the original characters. OC stories are much more popular on sites like tumblr than on a fanfiction site. I have OCs like June and Sky, but I mostly create invites, which basically consist of writing prompts that were only given to the Whump community. «The way I`ve always thought of this is that `Whump` is a cuter, trendier way to say `pain/comfort.`» Well, why people write and have fun, that`s a whole other Pandora`s box. If you try to explain this to someone who doesn`t like wimp, you`ll almost certainly look like a psychopath. If anyone is interested, I can do another article explaining why I personally think people like to write and read whump. In other cases, fandom-specific Whump tags may be used. Like in the Prodigal Son fandom, where their tags on AO3 and Tumblr are Malcolm Bright Whump or Malcolm Bright Needs A Hug.

«If you`re a Whumper, then you find it especially appealing when a hero (usually male) is in distress (usually physical), like wounded, sick, captured, etc. – basically anything that makes them vulnerable.» Stargate has a large contingent of m/c writers and a special category of Dannywhumpers. where it is a fandom-specific term for the practice of physically and psychologically abusing one`s favorite character in fanfiction and then offering him comfort. Daniel was the character that a lot of fans liked the most, which meant he was the one they hurt the most and then comforted by another character [one of the fan favorites was Jack O`Neill]. Danny Whumping was extremely popular, especially in genetic fiction. There is a Daniel Jackson Whumping Society and the Whumpalicious Archaeologist page[3] is dedicated to Danny Whumping`s fanfic and videos. For a list of Danny whumping recs, see lorien_79`s Daniel whump FF-List. [4] An important point, however, is that the Whump community may enjoy hurting characters, but there`s a huge line in the sand that we never cross. We would never, ever, hurt a real person. There`s a big difference between enjoying the hustle and bustle of characters and fantasizing about real people. No matter how much someone wants a fictional character to be real, we all know they`re not.

The Whump community can easily get a bad rap, but it`s important to just about everyone that people who don`t «understand» it at least understand that it`s all fiction. We are not psychopaths who want to harm real people, actors, writers or anything. This is extremely important. So the «official» definition comes with a bit of history. Prodigal Son: Malcolm whump by Tumblr user Freethebastard (2020) I recently came across the term «Whump» (I`ve read this kind of fics before, but apparently there`s a word for it!) and it`s basically a fanfic term used to refer to physical/mental/etc. To describe the abuse of a character that usually consists of three roles: the Whumpee, the Whumper and the janitor. The Whumpee serves as the abused character, the Whumpee is the one who commits the abuse and the janitor is the one who takes care of the Whumpee after the abuse. These roles can be merged and the guardian cannot exist at all. (Answer below if you want me to explain more details :)) Meanwhile, the term whumping has spread to several other fandoms that like to hurt their Woobies. «What I think falls under the notion of `whump` is; A character who is injured, even seriously injured.

Whump is basically focused on Whump and nothing else. Some fans also postulate that the term Whump is more likely to be used on certain platforms; namely Tumblr. With fans on LJ and fiction writers on Ao3 who often use the hurt convenience to label their works. It`s also more common in some fandoms. There is therefore no clearly defined difference between hump comfort and injured comfort. Instead, the term used to describe whumpy fiction may depend on the fandom fiction for which and/or the social media platform used by the fandom. [8] I hope some of this made sense and/or answered your question. Feel free to message me again if you still have questions or want me to make this post about why I think people write and whump appreciate. For me, it`s less about the pain and more about what happens next between the «Whumpee» and the janitor.

I like the warm, fuzzy sensations of stuffed animals that are evoked because it usually lacks a sexual element. Like, yes, there is love and maybe sexual attraction, but as the «Whumpee» is currently suffering, a sexual relationship takes a back seat, just for the sake of proximity/intimacy. The term whump (or whumping) usually refers to a form of pain/comfort that is severely injured and often found in genetic histories. The exact definition varies and has evolved over time. Essentially, Whump involves taking a canon character and putting them in physically painful or psychologically harmful scenarios. Often this character is a fan favorite and can sometimes be called Woobie. The term janitor is used to refer to the character who takes care of the whumpee when it is injured. [9] This appears to be a more recent term, with its first uses dating back to 2017. When I am asked if victims of violence are more on the job than the average person, I actually have no idea or enough information to take that view. Although, when I asked questions on another platform, many approached me and told me that their more specific preferences on whump reflected events that actually happened to them. Their experiences are not as bloody as some fictions, but essentially, they found it easier to relate to the character and even more satisfying to see how that character is treated after the abuse.